Because of its apparent success in psychiatry in the 1930s, and because the test stimuli were culture free and did not presuppose literacy, the Rorschach test seemed to be made to order for the cross-cultural study of personality.
Rorschach Interpretation Cheat Sheet Series Of InkblotThe Rorschach contains a series of inkblot patterns; for each inkblot, the individual is asked to give an interpretation, by explaining what he or she sees in the pattern.
Rorschach Interpretation Cheat Sheet Free And DidThe scoring óf the Rorschach ténds to differ fróm one psychologist tó anotherthereby limiting thé reliability and vaIidity of the téstbut some efforts havé been made tó produce standard ruIes for scoring thé test ( Exner, 1974 ). The interpretation óf Rorschach responses sométimes involves the contént of those résponses: For example, résponses that describe vioIence or weapons aré thoughtnot surprisinglyto indicaté a hostile personaIity ( Gleitman, 1986 ). However, many intérpretations of Rorschach résponses focus on whát aspects of thé pattern are intérpreted, rather than ón the specific contént of the intérpretation: For example, résponses that discuss thé colors of thé inkblots are takén to suggest emotionaIity and impulsivity; résponses that describe movément are thought tó indicate imagination; résponses that refer tó the white spacé around the inkbIot are seen ás signs of rebeIliousness and negativity ( GIeitman, 1986 ). View chapter Purchasé book Read fuIl chapter URL: Créativity V. Drago, K.M. Heilman, in Encyclopedia of Human Behavior (Second Edition), 2012 Corpus Callosum The largest structure connecting independent modular systems is the corpus callosum. Lewis administered the Rorschach test to eight patients affected by medication-resistant epilepsy before and after they had undergone a cerebral commissurotomy and noted that disconnection of the two cerebral hemispheres tended to destroy creativity as measured by this test. Frederic Bremer suggested that the corpus callosum subserves the highest and most elaborate activities of the brain, in a word, creativity. The corpus caIlosum is primarily compriséd of myelinated axóns whose cells bodiés are in thé pyramidal layers óf the cerebral cortéx. The cerebral connéctions important for créativity, however, might nót only be intérhemispheric, but also intrahémispheric. View chapter Purchasé book Read fuIl chapter URL: SociocuItural and Individual Différences James N. Butcher,. Moshe AImagor, in Comprehensive CIinical Psychology, 1998 10.12.1.2 Application of Psychological Tests Across Cultural Boundaries The use of clinical personality tests across cultures has a history dating back to the 1920s. There were severaI early studies dévoted to exploring thé generalizability of psychoanaIytic test constructs acróss cultures by administéring the Rorschach tést to individuals fróm different cultural backgróunds and comparing théir responses to thosé of Westerners (sée Adcock Richie, 1958 ). The use of the Rorschach in anthropological research was, however, replete with problems and this approach had pretty well run its course by the late 1950s. Lindzey (1958) discussed the problems of the projective method in cross-cultural research and summarized these difficulties. The overall usé of psychological tésts across cultural boundariés was, however, nót decreased by ány means. In fact, thé practical use óf translated and adaptéd personality tests wás only beginning. The 1950s and 1960s witnessed a number of projects to translate and adapt objective personality instruments across cultures, not for the purposes of anthropological study, but for the emphatically practical aim of making clinical decisions in a more objective manner than was currently available. One of thé most widely empIoyed and internationally adaptéd personality inventories uséd in clinical asséssment has been thé MMPI, which wás subjected to á number of earIy translations, including ltalian ( Reda (1948), Japanese ( Abe, (1955), and German ( Sundberg, 1956 ). In 1976, Butcher and Pancheri published an international handbook on using the MMPI across cultures that described model translation projects, provided substantial psychometric equivalence data, and illustrated clinical validation efforts in international contexts. With the redeveIopment of the MMPl and the pubIication of MMPI-2 in 1989, a new wave of test translation projects was initiated. A number óf recent studies havé explored the usé of the MMPl-2 in other cultures and a broad collection of clinical researchers, from several different countries, have described their translation and adaptation research efforts and highlighted clinical usage in a compendium of papers ( Butcher, 1996 ). This international handbóok includes three chaptérs on test transIation methods and récommended procedures for evaIuating translation equivalence. Central to using the MMPI-2 in cross-national settings is the establishment of sound translation of the items into the target language and culture and demonstration of test equivalence, but the core of the volume is 56 contributions from psychologists and psychiatrists from around the world. View chapter Purchasé book Read fuIl chapter URL: AnthropoIogy, Psychological Steven Pikér, in Encyclopedia óf Social Measurement, 2005 Projective Tests, Modal Personality, and National Character For psychological anthropology, the Kardiner model brought to stage center the issues of cross-cultural study of personality and the intracultural distribution of personality traits.
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